TappedMender34

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2026-04-03

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	4929		0		34		326
Ø Tier	8,01		0,00		9,44		9,48
Victories	2703	54,84%	0	0,00%	13	38,24%	168	51,53%
Defeats	2173	44,09%	0	0,00%	21	61,76%	156	47,85%
Draws	53	1,08%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	2	0,61%
Battles survived	1378	27,96%	0	0,00%	7	20,59%	87	26,69%
Tanks destroyed	4271	0,87	0	0,00	40	1,18	329	1,01
Destruction ratio	1,20		0,00		1,48		1,38
Tanks spotted	6871	1,39	0	0,00	39	1,15	636	1,95
Damage dealt	1.377,28		0,00		2.057,47		2.066,60
Capture points	1247	0,25	0	0,00	0	0,00	29	0,09
Defense points	1411	0,29	0	0,00	0	0,00	16	0,05
Experience	730,63		0,00		832,50		903,04
WN7	1253,53		0,00		1139,76		1361,30
WN8	1729,91		0,00		1929,73		2207,35
WN9	656,71		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	4929
Ø Tier	8,01
Victories	2703	54,84%
Defeats	2173	44,09%
Draws	53	1,08%
Battles survived	1378	27,96%
Tanks destroyed	4271	0,87
Destruction ratio	1,20
Tanks spotted	6871	1,39
Damage dealt	1.377,28
Capture points	1247	0,25
Defense points	1411	0,29
Experience	730,63
WN7	1253,53
WN8	1729,91

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	34
Ø Tier	9,44
Victories	13	38,24%
Defeats	21	61,76%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	7	20,59%
Tanks destroyed	40	1,18
Destruction ratio	1,48
Tanks spotted	39	1,15
Damage dealt	2.057,47
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	832,50
WN7	1139,76
WN8	1929,73

Past 30 days
Battles	326
Ø Tier	9,48
Victories	168	51,53%
Defeats	156	47,85%
Draws	2	0,61%
Battles survived	87	26,69%
Tanks destroyed	329	1,01
Destruction ratio	1,38
Tanks spotted	636	1,95
Damage dealt	2.066,60
Capture points	29	0,09
Defense points	16	0,05
Experience	903,04
WN7	1361,30
WN8	2207,35

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (79)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
SU-130PM	8	1774,03	821	464	59,27%	2040,17
Bat.-Châtillon 12 t	8	634,27	720	250	51,20%	1090,99
Manticore	10	1669,83	972	246	60,16%	2499,44
Bat.-Châtillon 25 t	10	2136,99	798	224	56,25%	1854,91
Object 140	10	2045,16	785	219	54,34%	1687,68
AMX 13 105	10	1730,18	848	211	59,24%	2574,73
T-54	9	1473,60	838	163	56,44%	1489,72
GSOR 3301 AVR FS	9	1070,10	817	163	57,06%	1827,72
Ferdinand	8	1354,24	738	136	51,47%	1341,57
T110E5	10	2060,62	909	133	60,15%	1863,13
M103	9	1529,57	849	130	50,77%	1377,66
UDES 03	8	1726,97	670	115	54,78%	1976,01
LHMTV	8	620,31	660	115	52,17%	1070,49
Strv 103-0	9	2237,24	822	112	46,43%	1947,44
AMX 13 90	9	1068,46	856	110	54,55%	1782,59
Jagdtiger	9	1872,55	792	101	49,50%	1518,78
AMX 50 B	10	2503,36	894	89	58,43%	2141,98
KV-4	8	1468,24	789	86	52,33%	1845,14
Jagdpanzer E 100	10	2609,44	825	82	53,66%	1958,68
Bat.-Châtillon 25 t AP	9	1771,05	841	82	48,78%	1828,74
T32	8	1345,29	943	76	65,79%	1631,45
M2 Medium Tank	3	284,19	384	75	53,33%	1304,12
AMX 13 75	7	707,09	713	74	52,70%	1590,76
ST-I	9	1718,44	823	72	43,06%	1424,81
T29	7	869,59	727	71	54,93%	1063,08
M3 Lee	4	145,19	208	68	45,59%	297,25
Stitch	8	1457,38	807	66	72,73%	1606,25
T-44	8	1040,76	795	59	59,32%	1493,08
E 50	9	2115,67	917	55	52,73%	2153,62
Jagdpanther	7	1077,94	700	53	60,38%	1468,02
AMX 12 t	6	544,61	564	51	39,22%	1442,45
BT-7	4	96,67	137	51	39,22%	84,03
M37	4	238,57	181	46	52,17%	739,55
Panther II	8	1444,00	872	46	60,87%	2112,76
Jagdpanzer IV	6	828,50	605	44	54,55%	1491,93
StuG III Ausf. G	5	399,67	356	43	51,16%	814,86
M7 Priest	3	112,56	133	41	58,54%	261,94
A-20	5	131,53	232	40	55,00%	338,73
Vz. 60S Dravec	10	2264,70	847	40	50,00%	1269,34
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer	4	140,24	152	38	44,74%	141,14
T-50-2	6	454,92	493	36	44,44%	1131,48
Marder II	3	135,88	165	34	29,41%	181,36
M4A1 Sherman	5	191,39	234	33	63,64%	436,20
Super Hellcat	7	912,44	507	32	46,88%	1187,39
IS-4	10	2612,71	1009	31	58,06%	2293,54
Ikv 90 Typ B	7	1373,77	885	30	66,67%	2397,15
Panther	7	1159,86	908	29	72,41%	2235,46
VK 30.02 (M)	6	1037,75	632	28	64,29%	2357,22
AMX ELC bis	5	424,24	473	25	56,00%	1456,55
Char Futur 4	9	2206,76	885	25	64,00%	2282,40
KV-1	5	728,17	537	24	37,50%	1420,10
Cruiser Mk. IV	4	137,00	175	24	50,00%	248,95
Sentinelle	9	2257,63	868	19	57,89%	2040,46
M6	6	863,16	740	19	68,42%	1554,56
KV-3	7	1775,11	1017	19	63,16%	2700,01
AMX 40	4	460,21	454	19	47,37%	2327,41
Ikv 65 Alt II	6	1147,44	722	18	61,11%	2326,97
T1 HMC	2	9,00	67	14	57,14%	171,18
Strv 103B	10	2275,15	720	13	46,15%	1440,62
T-28	4	634,15	529	13	69,23%	2348,28
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. G	3	106,75	163	12	50,00%	239,65
Panzerjäger I	2	135,82	195	11	45,45%	319,10
T-150	6	1195,20	843	10	70,00%	2383,63
T1 Heavy	5	578,90	528	10	50,00%	1115,98
Pz.Kpfw. II	2	107,20	216	10	70,00%	482,67
BT-2	2	64,89	164	9	33,33%	52,24
MS-1	1	75,20	192	5	60,00%	313,58
T1 Cunningham	1	29,40	74	5	40,00%	0,00
SU-18	2	201,00	80	5	20,00%	989,33
Cruiser Mk. III	3	198,20	278	5	20,00%	823,67
Windhund	8	1225,25	483	4	50,00%	1021,00
Leichttraktor	1	167,50	390	4	50,00%	822,01
TKS z n.k.m. 20 mm	2	168,33	313	3	100,00%	867,45
E 50 Ausf. M	10	1854,67	409	3	0,00%	1283,31
Vickers Medium Mk. I	1	155,50	294	2	50,00%	769,12
Renault NC-31	1	174,00	249	2	50,00%	807,36
T-26G FT	2	32,50	42	2	0,00%	0,00
Renault FT	1	0,00	137	1	100,00%	261,00
M24E2 Super Chaffee	6	103,00	696	1	100,00%	261,00

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[BOX2N] 5 key to victory 3.0

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2026-04-03

TappedMender34

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (79)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history