Rolek_PL

Position: Combat officer

Joined: 2019-10-07

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	7456		0		0		0
Ø Tier	5,56		0,00		0,00		0,00
Victories	3546	47,56%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	3834	51,42%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	76	1,02%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1394	18,70%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	4161	0,56	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,69		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	7072	0,95	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	436,13		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	8839	1,19	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	3881	0,52	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	281,74		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN7	712,34		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN8	654,21		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN9	392,87		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	7456
Ø Tier	5,56
Victories	3546	47,56%
Defeats	3834	51,42%
Draws	76	1,02%
Battles survived	1394	18,70%
Tanks destroyed	4161	0,56
Destruction ratio	0,69
Tanks spotted	7072	0,95
Damage dealt	436,13
Capture points	8839	1,19
Defense points	3881	0,52
Experience	281,74
WN7	712,34
WN8	654,21

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (81)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
SU-100	6	517,92	272	672	49,26%	811,72
Tiger I	7	668,62	365	646	48,45%	766,83
Tiger II	8	863,55	409	644	47,83%	879,29
M18 Hellcat	6	555,75	318	623	48,48%	869,68
T1 Heavy Tank	5	493,83	346	558	50,72%	1053,08
KV-85	6	608,00	334	293	43,34%	902,98
T29	7	832,53	415	265	46,42%	894,13
M2 Medium Tank	3	201,46	217	265	52,08%	731,51
VK 36.01 (H)	6	369,64	275	233	48,07%	466,32
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	194,58	202	203	47,29%	313,07
T-43	7	446,86	366	203	49,26%	545,51
Lorraine 155 mle. 50	7	578,26	298	197	37,06%	459,12
KV-13	7	279,01	284	137	35,77%	157,02
SU-85	5	204,66	165	134	44,78%	246,32
Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t)	3	108,58	140	129	37,98%	130,21
M6	6	400,60	341	129	54,26%	515,27
AMX 12 t	6	105,29	202	127	47,24%	98,53
AMX 13 F3 AM	6	512,48	306	121	57,85%	742,28
SU-85B	4	173,15	155	101	38,61%	173,02
T-44	8	281,22	282	99	41,41%	106,75
T67	5	230,16	196	98	48,98%	340,10
Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t) n.A.	4	113,47	196	98	46,94%	175,49
Sturmpanzer II	4	153,56	129	90	44,44%	287,36
AMX 105 AM mle. 47	4	204,73	192	89	49,44%	575,17
AT-1	2	172,59	149	86	45,35%	610,07
KV-1	5	420,43	330	75	46,67%	786,48
AMX 40	4	128,13	161	67	41,79%	338,04
AMX 13 105 AM mle. 50	5	259,59	222	66	48,48%	380,06
SU-76M	4	111,28	134	60	48,33%	119,62
AMX 13 75	7	123,71	309	55	52,73%	151,02
Pz.Kpfw. II Luchs	4	113,48	235	54	55,56%	286,70
M3 Lee	4	205,08	204	51	50,98%	681,28
Ikv 103	5	184,20	170	50	40,00%	177,29
T-28	4	106,36	161	47	53,19%	169,92
T1 Cunningham	1	57,76	130	41	51,22%	174,58
M8A1	4	252,85	178	39	48,72%	501,45
T56 GMC	3	72,03	112	34	41,18%	2,70
M22 Locust	3	92,94	199	34	52,94%	212,17
M37	4	229,00	152	30	50,00%	722,29
AMX 38	3	57,80	136	30	50,00%	103,72
T-46	3	113,04	131	28	28,57%	220,83
Ikv 72	3	134,89	146	27	62,96%	350,89
T1E6	2	86,22	158	27	59,26%	347,24
T3 HMC	2	104,80	132	25	52,00%	309,23
T2 Medium Tank	2	77,83	144	24	37,50%	129,63
T1 HMC	2	117,61	107	23	52,17%	554,67
VK 16.02 Leopard	5	120,17	206	23	34,78%	98,25
Sturmpanzer I Bison	3	105,55	93	22	31,82%	117,41
Renault UE 57	3	210,62	175	21	57,14%	650,48
T-50-2	6	178,90	210	21	52,38%	300,29
Vickers Medium Mk. III	3	68,50	112	20	40,00%	0,00
Lorraine 39L AM	3	126,16	153	19	73,68%	414,37
MS-1	1	34,61	102	18	44,44%	34,65
10TP	3	65,56	108	18	44,44%	61,40
Pz.Kpfw. I Ausf. C	3	82,50	217	16	62,50%	329,31
Pz.Kpfw. 35 (t)	2	45,56	83	16	37,50%	0,00
T-26	2	93,79	134	14	50,00%	313,35
Pvlvv fm/42	2	79,00	129	13	61,54%	304,31
Leichttraktor	1	39,92	59	12	16,67%	0,00
Renault FT AC	2	173,36	143	11	54,55%	623,30
T40	4	209,30	166	10	40,00%	268,12
Hotchkiss H35	2	49,70	112	10	40,00%	1,44
Sav m/43	4	148,60	183	10	50,00%	261,45
Pz.Kpfw. I	2	3,29	70	7	28,57%	0,00
7TP	2	37,33	123	6	66,67%	214,80
Vickers Medium Mk. I	1	29,33	84	6	0,00%	1,44
TKS z n.k.m. 20 mm	2	43,40	114	5	40,00%	25,46
T7 Combat Car	2	102,60	93	5	20,00%	218,96
43 M. Toldi III	3	193,50	303	4	75,00%	1025,92
Vickers Medium Mk. II	2	223,00	261	3	33,33%	1053,51
Panzerjäger I	2	0,00	107	2	100,00%	261,00
Renault NC-31	1	0,00	92	2	100,00%	261,00
4TP	1	216,50	341	2	100,00%	1167,08
T-116	3	69,00	52	2	0,00%	0,00
Rheinmetall Skorpion G	8	471,00	379	2	100,00%	414,95
Pz.Kpfw. S35 739 (f)	3	250,00	396	2	100,00%	694,28
Strv fm/21	1	63,50	137	2	100,00%	339,66
Kolohousenka	1	26,50	30	2	0,00%	0,00
Type 97 Te-Ke	2	89,00	118	1	100,00%	418,06
Renault Otsu	1	0,00	9	1	0,00%	0,00
Renault FT	1	0,00	7	1	0,00%	0,00

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[_RL_] RedLine_PL

Position: Combat officer

Joined: 2019-10-07

Rolek_PL

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (81)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history